Living with COPD means facing challenges with the most basic human function, writes Meera Murugesan
BREATHING. It’s something we do without thinking. But for the half a million Malaysians estimated to be living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), this simple act is a daily struggle, one which is a barrier to all that life has to offer.
COPD is a progressive lung condition that limits airflow in the lungs, causing a person to feel out of breath.
Typically caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke that damages lungs and the airways, other symptoms include frequent coughing (with or without mucus), wheezing and a sensation of tightness in the chest.
NOT TO BE IGNORED
There is currently no cure for COPD, and while early symptoms may be subtle and go unnoticed, it can have fatal consequences if not properly managed.
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) predicts that COPD will be the third leading cause of death by 2020.
“The nature and severity of symptoms presented in COPD is influenced by a range of factors, including exposure to cigarette smoke, viruses and air pollution, making every patient’s journey of COPD unique,” explains Lung Foundation of Malaysia trustee, Datuk Dr Aziah Ahmad Mahayiddin.
“As a result, a one size fits all approach to disease management doesn’t necessarily work, as sufferers may have different treatment needs that can change over time,” she adds.
Unfortunately, COPD is underdiagnosed and undermanaged. Progression of the condition can be delayed with prompt diagnosis, proper assessment of disease severity and appropriate management.
In addition to respiratory symptoms, COPD is associated with an array of comorbidities such as skeletal muscle dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular problems that can severely impact a sufferer’s quality of life.
DAILY CHALLENGES
Patients with COPD may also show a loss of appetite as a result of their breathing difficulties, with between 25 and 40 per cent of sufferers estimated to be in an undernourished state.
Left unaddressed, these symptoms can often result in depression and social isolation.
For many individuals with COPD, daily activities can be quite strenuous and daunting. Therefore, it is crucial to speak with their doctor to formulate a management strategy which will best suit their physical and emotional needs, says associate professor Dr Pang Yong Kek, president of the Malaysian Thoracic Society.
“Of course, one of the most important steps in COPD management is to quit smoking, as this will prevent further decline of lung function. In addition to medication, patients should embrace an active lifestyle, take a well-balanced diet, exercise regularly and get enough rest in between their activities,” says Dr Pang.
For those with “reduced effort tolerance” — the decreased ability to exercise — they may be referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation programme, where they will be taught effective breathing techniques and customised exercises tailored to their capabilities.
Taking precautions against the risk factors of COPD can help slow the progression of the disease and improve lung function. Flu and pneumonia can lead to serious complications for COPD patients, thus vaccination against these diseases can help protect individuals against infection.
Additionally, avoiding fumes, odours and other lung irritants may prevent further flare-ups.
By making sure they receive enough sleep and rest throughout the day, individuals suffering from COPD can also maintain their energy levels throughout their daily activities.
Dr Jamalul Azizi Abdul Rahaman, chairman of the Malaysian Association for Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology (MABIP) and head of Respiratory Services for the Ministry of Health says the progression of COPD is usually reflected in the deterioration of lung function, which leads to poorer quality of life.
Patients may even find it difficult to get themselves dressed or have a good laugh without feeling breathless.
SUPPORTING AND EMPOWERING PATIENTS
THE Lung Foundation of Malaysia, Malaysian Thoracic Society and MABIP, supported by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical (GSK) launched the “Live every breath” initiative in November last year, designed to educate and empower COPD patients to manage their symptoms effectively.
Lien Pham Thi My, general manager of GSK Malaysia, says through ongoing collaboration with the country’s leading respiratory associations, they will work hand-in-hand with healthcare professionals to support and empower patients, providing them with the resources to help manage their disease effectively.
“In doing so, we hope to continually contribute to reduce the national burden of COPD, so patients can live every breath.”
For more information on how to manage the symptoms of COPD, please visit the COPD Choices website at: https://gskpro.com.my/copdchoices/ or speak to your healthcare professional.