IN Sarawak, a traditional lute known as the Sape echoes the cultural legacy of the Orang Ulu. Traditionally associated with the Kenyah, Kayan, and Kelabit tribes, the Sape transcends its historical roots, evolving from a healing instrument to a form of social entertainment.
Carved with precision from a bole of white wood, the Sape stands proudly at over a metre in length and approximately 40 centimetres in width. Once a more modest creation, measuring less than a metre with two rattan strings and three frets, today's Sape boasts up to five strings, intricately held by movable wooden frets and tuned with wooden pegs.
The Sape is a testament to the evolving artistic expressions of the Orang Ulu community. From its humble beginnings in healing ceremonies, it has gracefully transitioned into a social instrument, adding a melodic charm to various cultural celebrations.
Thematic in nature, the solo music of the Sape often draws inspiration from dreams. It carries specific compositions tailored for diverse ceremonies and occasions, ranging from marriages and births to harvest times and rain rituals. Notably, these compositions exhibit variations across sub-ethnic groups, contributing to the diverse musical landscape of Sarawak.
Traditionally played in a cross-legged position on the floor, the Sape assumes a vital role in accompanying traditional dances. A distinctive feature involves the use of two Sapes tuned to different registers, enhancing the dance experience. The Ngajat, a warrior dance, and Datun Julud are among the captivating dances accompanied by the enchanting melodies of the Sape.
During dance performances, the Sape may find companionship with other musical instruments such as the 'jatung utang', a wooden xylophone, enriching the auditory experience. The collaboration of these instruments creates a symphony that transcends time, embodying the essence of Sarawak's musical heritage.
As we celebrate the enduring legacy of the Sape (even among modern users like Alena Murang), we recognise its role not only as an instrument but as a guardian of cultural narratives. Through its strings, the Sape invites us to explore the vibrant traditions of the Orang Ulu community, reminding us that the beauty of Sarawak's cultural tapestry lies in its timeless melodies and evolving stories.